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Jupiter

Fifth planet of the Solar System

Proper NameJupiter
Orbital Period11.87 years
Distance from the SunSemi-Major Axis: 778,298,000 km (5.20 AU)
Perihelion: 740,552,000 km (4.95 AU)
Aphelion: 816,044,000 km (5.45 AU)
Eccentricity0.0485
Rotation Period9.8 hours
Diameter142,985 km
Mean Surface Temperature165 K (-108°C)
MoonsAdrastea, Aitne, Amalthea, Ananke, Aoede, Arche, Autonoe, Callirrhoe, Callisto, Carme, Carpo, Chaldene, Cyllene, Dia, Eirene, Elara, Erinome, Ersa, Euanthe, Eukelade, Eupheme, Euporie, Europa, Eurydome, Ganymede, Harpalyke, Hegemone, Helike, Hermippe, Herse, Himalia, Io, Iocaste, Isonoe, Kale, Kallichore, Kalyke, Kore, Leda, Lysithea, Megaclite, Metis, Mneme, Orthosie, Pandia, Pasiphae, Pasithee, Praxidike, Sinope, Sponde, Taygete, Thebe, Thelxinoe, Themisto, Thyone, Valetudo; many other small moons
Parent starThe Sun, yellow dwarf star
Other planets in this systemMercury, terrestrial planet
Venus, terrestrial planet
Earth, terrestrial planet
Mars, terrestrial planet
Saturn, gas giant
Uranus, ice giant
Neptune, ice giant
Numerous dwarf planets, asteroids and other bodies
NotesMore massive than all the other planets of the Solar System combined, Jupiter is a gas giant that orbits the Sun beyond the Asteroid Belt, at a distance more than five times that of Earth.
Map of Jupiter Map of Jupiter

Jupiter has no permanent surface, so a fixed map of the planet cannot be produced. Nonetheless, there are some persistent features, such as its pattern of atmospheric belts, and the famous Great Red Spot.

Appropriately named after the king of the Roman gods, Jupiter dwarfs the other worlds of the Solar System. It is perhaps most famous for its Great Red Spot, but its four prominent Galilean moons are also a distinguishing feature.

Jupiter and Io

The majestic world of Jupiter, by far the largest of the Sun's family of planets. To the far right of this image is Jupiter's moon Io, a body almost exactly the same size as Earth's Moon. The tiny shadow cast by Io can be seen in Jupiter's equatorial regions.

Jupiter through Galileo's Telescope

A moment in history: Jupiter as it was first observed by Galileo on 7 January 1610. Galileo initially mistook Jupiter's bright companions for background stars, but he soon reached the revolutionary realisation that he was seeing moons circling another planet. From left to right, the moons seen here are Callisto, Europa and Io (so close they appear as a single body) and, on the other side of Jupiter, the giant moon Ganymede.

Size Comparison of Jupiter

Jupiter is by far the largest and most massive of the planets in the Solar System. With a diameter more than eleven times that of Earth, it dwarfs our own small blue planet.

Use the scrollbar on the right of this window to explore the moons of Jupiter, shown to scale. (Values shown are mean distances from Jupiter, though note that several of the planet's outer satellites have eccentric orbits).

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